so He said to it and to the earth: Come both, willingly or unwillingly. They both said: We come willingly” (41:11). “Allāh is He Who made subservient to you the sea that the ships may glide therein by His command, and that you may seek of His grace, and that you may give thanks. And He has made subservient to you whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth, all from Himself. Surely there are signs in this for a people who reflect” (45:12, 13). “And (He created) the sun and the moon and the stars, made subservient by His command; surely His is the creation and the command” (7:54). All these verses show that, inasmuch as everything is subject to command and control for the fulfilment of a certain purpose, there must be an All-Wise Controller of the whole.
The second kind of argument for the existence of God relates to the human soul. In the first place, there is the consciousness of the existence of God. There is an inner light within each man telling him that there is a Higher Being, a God, a Creator. This inner evidence is often brought out in the form of a question. It is like an appeal to man’s inner self. The question is sometimes left unanswered, as if man were called upon to give it a deeper thought: “Or were they created without a (creative) agency? Or are they the creators (of their own souls)? Or did they create the heavens and the earth?” (52:35, 36). Sometimes the answer is given: “And if thou ask them, Who created the heavens and the earth? They would say: The Mighty, the Knowing One has created them” (43:9). On one occasion, the question is put direct to the human soul by God Himself: “And when thy Lord brought forth from the children of Adam, from their loins, their descendants and made them bear witness about themselves: Am I not your Lord (Rabb)? They said: Yes, we bear witness” (7:172). This is clearly the evidence of human nature which is elsewhere spoken of as being “the nature made by Allāh in which He has created all men” (30:30). Sometimes this consciousness on the part of the human soul is mentioned in terms of its unimaginable nearness to the Divine Spirit: “We are nearer to him than his life-vein” (50:16). And again, “We are nearer to it (the soul) than you” (56:85). The idea that God is nearer to man than his own self only shows that the consciousness of the