The additional words of the morning adhān also do not find a place in the iqāmah, which is generally recited by the person who calls out the adhān, though in his absence anyone else standing behind the Imām may do so.

Congregational prayer

When the iqāmah has been called out, the followers do not begin the prayer until the Imām starts it by saying: ‘‘Allāhu Akbar’’ in a loud voice. With the utterance of these words by the Imām, the whole congregation, like the Imām, raises hands to ears while uttering the same words in a low voice. Both the Imām and the followers then recite, still in a low voice, some introductory dhikr, as stated above, after which the Imām recites the Opening Chapter of the Holy Qur’ān (Fātiḥah) in a loud voice, pausing slightly after every verse, so that during the interval the followers may slowly repeat each sentence. The Ḥanafis,47 however, hold that the Imām’s recitation is sufficient, and that the followers need not recite the sentences of the Fātiḥah.

After the Imām has recited Fātiḥah, the whole congregation says Amīn, either in a loud or a low voice, the former, no doubt, having the greater effect. After this, the Imām recites in a loud voice any portion of the Holy Qur’ān, the followers listening in silence, occasionally glorifying God or praising Him or addressing some petition to Him in accordance with the subject-matter of the verses that are being recited. This procedure is followed in the case of the morning prayer, which consists of only two rak‘ahs of fardz, and of the first two rak‘ahs of the evening and early night prayers. In the case of the first two rak‘ahs of the early afternoon and the late afternoon, prayer is more in the nature of a meditation than a recital, like the private prayer, and the Imām and the followers individually recite the Fātiḥah and a portion of the Holy Qur’ān inaudibly. In the last two rak‘ahs of both the afternoon prayers and the early night prayer, as well as in the last rak‘ah of the sunset prayer, the Fātiḥah is recited in a similar manner, individually and inaudibly. All the takbīrs uttered at the changes of posture, and the final taslīm ending the prayer, are, however, uttered by the Imām in a loud voice in all congregational prayers, and so is the dhikr Sami‘ Allāhu li-man ḥamidah recited