that you may be mindful” (51:47-49), “Glory be to Him Who created pairs of all things, of what the earth grows and of their kind and of what they know not!” (36:36). “And Who created pairs of all things” (43:12). This shows that there are pairs not only in the animal creation but also in “what the earth grows,” that is, in the vegetable kingdom, and further in “what they know not”. In fact, the idea of pairing is carried to its furthest extent, so that even the heavens and the earth are described as if they were a pair, because of the quality of activity in the one and of passivity in the other. This deep interrelationship of things is also an evidence of Divine purpose in the whole of creation.
A further point upon which the Holy Qur’ān lays especial stress is the fact that, notwithstanding its immensity and variety, there is but one law for the whole universe: “Who created the seven heavens alike; thou seest no incongruity in the creation of the Beneficent God. Then look again: can thou see any disorder? Then turn the eye again and again — thy look shall come back to thee confused, while it is fatigued” (67:3, 4). Here we are told that there is in creation neither incongruity, whereby things belonging to the same class are subject to different laws, nor disorder, whereby the law cannot work uniformly; so that the miraculous regularity and uniformity of law in the midst of the unimaginable variety of conflicting conditions existing in the universe is also evidence of a Divine purpose and wisdom in the creation of things. From the smallest particle to the largest heavenly body, everything is held under control and is subject to a law; no one thing interferes with the course of another or hampers it; while, on the other hand, all things are helping each other on to attain perfection. The Holy Qur’ān stresses this fact frequently: “The sun and the moon follow a reckoning, And the herbs and the trees adore (Him)” (55:5, 6). “And the sun moves on to its destination. That is the ordinance of the Mighty, the Knower. And for the moon, We have ordained for it stages till it becomes again as an old dry palm branch. Neither is it for the sun to overtake the moon, nor can the night outstrip the day. And all float on in an orbit” (36:38-40). “Then He directed Himself to the heaven and it was a vapour,